Muhammad Akram Khan

Muhammad Akram Khan

97 Adet Eser

Khan has published 15 books and 46 research papers on various aspects of auditing and public finance. He has authored 20 books, 55 research papers and about 100 book reviews on various aspects of Islamic economics and finance.

Jizyah and Kharäj

There is a lot of confusion in the Orientalistic writings about the precise meanings of jizya and kharäj. Generally, jizya was a poll-tax levied on non-Muslims in lieu of jihäd and kharäj was a secular. land-tax on state lands collected from non-Muslims in lieu of 'ushr. Wherever jizya and kharãj are used interchangeably, kharäj means that part of jizyã which is levied on the land. Historical. A scholarly paper. Based on primary sources. Documented.