Monetary and Financial Theory and Institutions
Monetary and Financial Theory and Institutions
Business Finance in Islam
Monetary and Financial Theory and Institutions
Economic Growth and Development
There is a lot of confusion in the Orientalistic writings about the precise meanings of jizya and kharäj. Generally, jizya was a poll-tax levied on non-Muslims in lieu of jihäd and kharäj was a secular. land-tax on state lands collected from non-Muslims in lieu of 'ushr. Wherever jizya and kharãj are used interchangeably, kharäj means that part of jizyã which is levied on the land. Historical. A scholarly paper. Based on primary sources. Documented.